2m, making her taller than many of her peers. Read about these stars who are taller than you thought. VimBuzz. Gwendoline Christie’s height is an impressive 6 ft 3 inches (191 cm) while Gwendoline Christie’s weight is around 80 kg (176 lbs). ” But the 6-foot-3-inch actor has been on the scene long before she picked up that sword. 3. But there are a few ladies that hardly need the extra height boost. 91 m) tall. Gwendoline Christie with Justin Bieber (5 ft 7½ in) and Gordon Ramsay (almost 6 ft 1 in). Anna Kendrick, 5 feet 2 inches, is shorter than "Trolls. For reference: Gwendoline is 6-foot-3. How tall is Gwendoline Christie in feet? Christie stands at 191cm tall, or 6ft 3in. Game of Thrones alum Gwendoline Christie said director Tim Burton encouraged her to customize her Wednesday character, Principle Larissa Weems, based on her own understanding of the roleGwendoline Christie was born in Worthing, West Sussex, England and trained in dance and gymnastics as a child. 75" or. We have gathered all body measurements and statistics of Gwendoline Christie, including bra size, cup size, shoe size, height, body shape, and weight. ”Before Gwendoline Christie and Gal Gadot, there was Lucy Lawless. Born in: Born on: October 28, 1978Gwendoline Christie is a major star now, but some naysayers once doubted that she’d ever make it in film and TV. 5" morning height would make her closer to 6'3. ” But the 6-foot-3-inch actor has been on the scene long before she picked up that sword. Advertisement. au: "I went to a brilliant drama school but was made aware that I would probably never work because I didn’t look the same as most actors. Sophie Turner is actually 5'10" in her bare feet. “I’d been told, just simply because I was a tall woman with somewhat unusual. 4. Known for her impressive portrayal of. Below is all you want to know about Gwendoline Christie’s body measurements, and more!. Gwendoline Christie. Gwendoline Christie’s height: 6 feet, 3 inches (190. That said, plenty of your favorite actresses, including Jane Lynch, Gwendoline Christie, Allison Janney and more, are 6 feet tall — or taller!. The way she carries herself, it was. She has struggled with her height throughout her career, but has found success with her roles. ” But the 6-foot-3-inch actor has been on the scene long before she picked up that sword. This gives her a commanding presence in Hollywood and makes her one. Gwendoline Christie is 6 feet, 3 inches In the novels, Brienne is described as being as tall as Robert Baratheon and significantly heavier than Jaime Lannister. Discover how tall Gwendoline Christie really is, with Big Rob's Height comparison video. 7. ” But the 6-foot-3-inch actor has been on the scene long before she picked up that sword. Gwendoline — who is best known for her roles in as Brienne of Tarth in the HBO fantasy-drama show Game of Thrones as well. whether they're wildly intelligent or whether they have really big feet. Gwendoline Christie is a British actress. Gwendoline Christie’s bra size is 36A. It wouldn't surprise me if she's taller than 6'3''. She was in relationship with the fashion designer called Giles Deacon since 2013. ” But the 6-foot-3-inch actor has been on the scene long before she picked up that sword. Brittney Griner’s 6 feet, 9 inches height makes her the tallest on this list by far and likely helped her. Christie is Star Wars’ first leading female villain. Gwendoline Christie Go to IMDb page. As a child, she wanted to be a gymnast and trained. Toby Barrett said on 15/Mar/22. 94 cm or 1. Gwendoline Christie Height, Weight & Body Measurement. . 75. Her father was working in sales and marketing while. Published on January 27, 2023 04:18PM EST Gwendoline Christie opened up about commanding the catwalk — and how she learned to overcome insecurities about her. ” But the 6-foot-3-inch actor has been on the scene long before she picked up that sword. She almost reached her full adult height by the time she was only 14 years old, but rejected the growth inhibitors offered by her doctor. Nick Name. December 3, 2022 1 Min Read. whether they're wildly intelligent or whether they have really big feet. Gwendoline Christie is a tall goddess at 6 feet 2 inches. 9 m Synopsis: Liz visits Gwen after hearing about a fight between her and Daisy Ridley during a Star Wars shoot. The 44-year-old actor clocks in at 6'3" (191 centimeters in the metric system). Advertisement. How much does Gwendoline Christie weigh? Gwendoline Christie weighs 174 lbs (79 kg). 5 cm / 1. Gwendoline Christie is always a formidable, striking presence on screen. 22 at Fendi's Fall 2023 Ready to Wear Fashion Show in Milan, Italy. Before Gwendoline Christie and Gal Gadot, there was Lucy Lawless. She has a body measurement of 37-29-38 inches. The 44-year-old actor clocks in at 6'3" (191 centimeters in the metric system). 1. Before Gwendoline Christie and Gal Gadot, there was Lucy Lawless. 2 inches. Her. 80 m. Gwendoline Christie—Height: 6 feet 3 inches Gwendoline Christie is best known for her role as warrior Brienne of Tarth in HBO’s wildly popular series “Game of Thrones. ” But the 6-foot-3-inch actor has been on the scene long before she picked up that sword. Starting Weight: 400 lbs (Weight Lost: 100 lbs) Height in Feet: 5′ 11″ Height in Meters: 1. ” But the 6-foot-3-inch actor has been on the scene long before she picked up that sword. Gwendoline Christie is an English Actress. 84 kilograms (185 pounds) Birth Place. Emma Myers as seen in a selfie with her friend actress Naomi J. Emilia Clarke is 5’2”. Aida Osman Worked Her Way From the "Rap Sh!t" Writers' Room to Her TV RoleJanuary 14, 2023. The beloved actor from New Zealand holds a special place in television history for her role as the iconic protagonist in “Xena: Warrior Princess. Gwendoline Christie’s Height & Weight. Her net worth is $3 million. Australian portrait photographer Polly Borland collaborated with English actress Gwendoline Christie for more than three years on a project that led to Bunny Nose, a surreal. She stands tall at an impressive height of 6 feet 3 inches (191 cm). Christie’s height drew the attention of photographer Polly Borland in 2002, who made Christie the subject of a well-known series of photographs titled Bunny between 2002 and 2008. When it comes to health, Deacon took good care of his physique with moderate exercise and a clean diet. wikimedia. 78m or 5'10 in the morning (not sure whether it is shortly out of bad , mid-morning or late,I assume a mid-morning height) 1. ” But the 6-foot-3-inch actor has been on the scene long before she picked up that sword. Despite her smaller stature, Jenna’s talent and presence have made a. The beloved actor from New Zealand holds a special place in television history for her role as the iconic protagonist in “Xena: Warrior Princess. Gwendoline Christie; Height: Approximately 5 feet 1 inch: 6 feet 3 inches: Difference – +1 foot 2 inches: As shown in the table above, Jenna Ortega's height is significantly shorter compared to Gwendoline Christie's towering height. Gwendoline Christie in Meters - 1. Learn more about her personal life, family, and struggles. She is taller than Taylor Swift. The beloved actor from New Zealand holds a special place in television history for her role as the iconic protagonist in “Xena: Warrior Princess. She is 6 feet 3 inches tall, and because of her height, she got constantly pushed around in drama school. ” But the 6-foot-3-inch actor has been on the scene long before she picked up that sword. Age, Bio, Body Stats, Net Worth & Wiki. Gwendoline Christie—Height: 6 feet 3 inches Gwendoline Christie is best known for her role as warrior Brienne of Tarth in HBO’s wildly popular series “Game of Thrones. London-based Gwendoline Christie is one of the most exciting and unique British actresses working today, having caught the industry's attention with her Emmy and Critics' Choice nominated role in. Gwendoline Christie. " Gwendoline Christie "I trained in. Gwendoline Christie comes from West Sussex, a county of England. Gwendoline Christie. In centimetres, Gwendoline Christie’s height will be 191 cm . Gwendoline Christie is arguably England's finest actress who has been actively doing movies since 2006. Christie was cast as Brienne of Tarth in "Game of Thrones" in July 2011. I'm Gwendoline Christie, and this is My Life In Looks. What is Gwendoline’s physical stats? This actress stands 6 feet and 3 inches (1. Gwendoline Christie. Christie, who stands at 6ft 3, recalled in an interview with news. Following is the complete actress Gwendoline Christie’s height, weight, bra cup, shoe size, and other body measurement details. Gwendoline Christie—Height: 6 feet 3 inches. In November 2022, Gwendoline played Principal Larissa Weems in the Netflix comedy horror series Wednesday. Hips. 91 m) tall and weighs around 80 kg (176 lbs). ” And her height — 5 feet 10 inches — matches her warrior spirit. Gwendoline Christie Date of Birth: October 28, 1978 Height: 1. 91m/191cm) and weighs 84 kg (185 lbs. Gwendoline Christie is 44 years old. Real Name. Boyfriend / Spouse. Gwendoline Christie—Height: 6 feet 3 inches. Jada Pinkett Smith Responds To New Rumor Claiming Will Smith Had Sex With Duane Martin. 4. September 12, 2023. Eye Color: Blue; Hair Color: Blonde; Body Measurements: 37-30-37. Gwendoline Christie’s height in feet is 6ft 3in (also written as 6’3″). Always surprises me when I hear her height. Weight in Pounds: 185 pounds. Gwendoline Christie is 1. 6 ft 3 in or 191 cm. Christie was a gymnast as a child. As of 2021, she is 43 years old and in a long-term relationship with Giles Deacon. The stunning actress is 11 inches taller than the average height for a female, which. Gwendoline Christie height in feet. Gwendoline Christie is 6'3". Gwendoline Christie is a British actress. " During her time on the show, she was also nominated alongside the rest of the cast. Weight in Kilogram: 84 kg. Here are the 5 tallest and 5 shortest cast members. In centimetres, Gwendoline Christie’s height will be 191 cm. Feet/ Shoe Size: 12 (US) Body. Celeb Wiki Gossip. Height: 6’ 3” / 191cm . Today. She actually showed up for the auditions suited up in a costume, ready to perform the role. close. 'Game of Thrones' ' Gwendoline Christie Says She Still Loves Wearing Heels Despite Being 6'3" Christie hopes her 6'3" stature breaks the mold of traditional beauty standards in HollywoodWell, Gwendoline Christie’s age is 42 years old as of today’s date 2nd August 2021 having been born on 28 October 1978. Gwendoline Christie - Body Measurements. How tall is Gwendoline Christie? Height in feet is 6’ 3”, in cm is 191cm. Birthplace: Worthing, United Kingdom. Her. Gwendoline Christie at the 25th Annual Critics’ Choice Awards held at Santa Monica’s Barker Hangar on January 12, 2020. She was born on Oct. Save. Just stunning #legs Gwendoline Christie. Gwendoline Christie (Born on October 28, 1978, in Worthing, UK) is 44 years old with around 6 feet and 3 inches tall in height. She once said her height led to her being bullied when she was younger. Funny that some list her height as 155 cm or 5'1". Gwendoline Christie. Without future ado, let's learn more about Gwendoline Christie. I'm hoping I'm still growing. At 6’3” (190 cm), she is one of those rare female actors, in the league of Sigourney Weaver and Uma Thurman, who have been. My guess -. Gwendoline Christie at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con International. They feature pointed toes and about 4-inch heels. ” And her height. Gwendoline Christie Height (Source: Instagram)Gwendoline Christie attends the premiere of Netflix's "Wednesday" earlier this month. ” Gwendoline Christie—Height: 6 feet 3 inches Gwendoline Christie is best known for her role as warrior Brienne of Tarth in HBO’s wildly popular series “Game of Thrones. I think she’s around 5 feet 4 or 5 feet 5. Gwendoline Christie is approximately 6 feet 3 inches (1. Emilia is closer in height to Peter Dinklage, (4’5”), than to Gwendoline Christie. Gwendoline Christie is a British actress, who studied dance and gymnastics as a child. Gwendoline Christie parents. Gwendoline Christie is 6 feet, 3 inches, but when the "Game of Thrones" star slips on heels, she looks much taller than her longtime boyfriend, 6-foot-1 English fashion designer Giles Deacon. Gwendoline Christie sexy pictures. Chris Christie Family Details. reader. Her body measurements are 37-30-37 inches. Peak height: 189. Polarized sunglasses. I think she's downgrading herself. Gwendoline Christie’s height in meters and cm. Clown claim. 46 Videos. We have gathered all body measurements and statistics of Gwendoline Christie, including bra size, cup size, shoe size, height, body shape, and weight. Wondering about Gwendoline Christie's height? Dive into the details of the towering actress's exact height and explore her remarkable career and presence on screen. Gwendoline Christie was born as Gwendoline Tracey Philippa Christie in Worthing, West Sussex, England on 28 October 1978 to middle-class parents. A collection of facts with age, height, net worth, salary, nationality, ethnicity, theater works, awards, and career. May 26, 2019 - Beautiful! Just stunning #legs Gwendoline Christie. Gwendoline Christie has a height of 6’3” (1. ” And her height. So, in this article, we discussed all information about Gwendoline Christie's net worth, wiki, bio, career, height, weight, family, pics, affairs, car, salary, age, and other details in 2023. No actress has surpassed the height of Gwendoline Christie. 91 m) Mini Bio London-based Gwendoline Christie is one of the most exciting and unique British actresses. Giles Deacon (born 1969) is a British fashion designer, Creative Director and Founder of Giles Deacon group, a fashion enterprise. As of today, there are only. Chris Christie’s Body Statistics. Gwendoline Christie once revealed that she was often bullied as a child because of her unusual height. As of today, there are only. 91 m: Height(s) Feet: 6 feet and 3 inches: Heights in cm: 191 cm: Weight(s) 80 kg: Weight(s) in pound: 176 pounds: Dating History: Yes (Giles Deacon) Marital Condition: In a relationship: Spouse: Will be Updated Soon :. Gwendoline Christie has a height of 6’3” (1. She is 6 feet 3 inches, but it hasn’t stopped her from becoming a sensation in the entertainment industry. Her hair was always styled to perfection, and she wore makeup, most notably her red lipstick. 65m) and weighs about 54 kg (119 pounds). inches = (5′ × 12) + 8″. Gwendoline Christie is a British citizen. ” But beyond her acting talent, she’s incredibly tall, standing at an imposing 6 feet and 3 inches. This means that Gwendoline Christie stands almost a foot taller than most women and four inches taller. Gwendoline Christie. 5" morning height would make her closer to 6'3. 83 foot tall. Her towering stature is not only a distinctive. Gwendoline Christie. Gwendoline Christie is perhaps best known for her role as Brienne of Tarth on the hit HBO series Game of Thrones. Bonus Facts: 11. Gwendoline is 190 cm (6 ft 3 in) tall. Gwendoline Christie was born on 28 October 1978, in Worthing, West Sussex, England. 73 kg, 160 pounds. Gwendoline Christie is an English actress. In Feet and Inches – 6′ 3″. Gwendoline Christie gained fame for her portrayal of Brienne of Tarth on “Game of Thrones. 5 cm) Dua Lipa’s height: 5 feet, 8 inches (173 cm) Jennifer Lawrence’s height: 5 feet, 9 inches (175 cm) 🧩 Trivia. 54. Born on October 28, 1978, in Sussex, England, she always stood out due to her exceptional height, even during her school years. 5-11 and change is. Thanks for being our NUMBER ONE. Share, rate and discuss pictures of Gwendoline Christie's feet on wikiFeet - the most comprehensive celebrity feet database to ever have existed. Gwendoline Christie—Height: 6 feet 3 inches Gwendoline Christie is best known for her role as warrior Brienne of Tarth in HBO’s wildly popular series “Game of Thrones. Considering Robert Baratheon was (in the books) noted as being around 6' 6" (198cm), fans were somewhat disappointed that Gwendoline Christie stands at only 6' 3", the same as Charles. Pinterest. Photo: Roy Rochlin Source: Getty Images. Her hourglass shape is enhanced by her blue eyes and blonde hair. Explore. He is 4 feet 3 inches tall and weighs about 43 kg. Her body weight is 84 kilograms around 185 pounds. Actress: Star Wars: Episode VIII - The Last Jedi. Maggie Gyllenhaal is 5'9". 91m/191cm) and weighs 84 kg (185 lbs. The parents of Gwendoline Christie are Karen Coleman and Keith Coleman. Her body measurements are 37-30-37 inches. Gwendoline Christie (born 28 October 1978 in Worthing, England) is an English actress and model. Christina Ricci—who you may remember as Wednesday in the ’90s films—plays Marilyn Thornhill, Catherine Zeta Jones plays Morticia, and Gwendoline Christie co-stars as Principal Larissa Weems. When she stands beside other models like 175-176cm Doutzen Kroes, and models over 183cm/6 feet, like Toni Garrn, she starts to look no more than 185cm. Standing at an impressive height of 6 feet and 3 inches (190 cm), Gwendoline Christie is hard to miss. 4cm). 91 m) Notable Role In: Game of Thrones. Towering over director Rian Johnson, Gwendoline Christie stands at an impressive height of six feet and three inches (Credit: Aurore Marechal / ABACA / INSTARimag / Cover Images) She has also appeared in other titles such as The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2 , Star Wars: The Force Awakens , Star Wars: The Last Jedi , and most recently. Fans will also know her from her role as one of the series' many great warriors, Brienne of. She’s 6’3″ — and loving it. Gwendoline Christie—Height: 6 feet 3 inches Gwendoline Christie is best known for her role as warrior Brienne of Tarth in HBO’s wildly popular series “Game of Thrones. Source: commons. She likes to listen to music. '" Gwendoline Christie "I was a semi-professional gymnast as a child. Personal life. Christie is a model and actress, best known for her role as Brienne of Tarth in “Game of Thrones. Gwendoline Christie Real Weight: 58 KG / 128 Pound. According to the books, Brienne of Tarth was over 6 feet tall. Dana Carvey's Eldest Son, Dex, Dies After 'Accidental Overdose' At 32. Date of birth. Gwendoline Christie Height Weight Body Measurements Bra Size Age · Height in Feet: 1. Born: 10/28/1978. Discover more Celebrity Heights and Vote on how tall you think any Celebrity is!. Gwendoline Christie Height in Feet and Meters. An argument breaks out, followed by a fight as the two statuesque stunners try to teach their. Height. View this post on Instagram. Her "Wednesday" costars really help emphasize her. Height – 6 feet 3 inches Christie is most popularly known for her role in the TV series Game of Thrones as warrior Brienne of Tarth. significantly taller than the male lead Game of Thrones, needed every inch of their respective heights to land the roles of a lifetime. Peter was 7'0-7'0. Though, she is 6′ 3″ in feet and inches and 191 cm in Centimetres tall, she weighs about 185 lbs in. 91 m) tall. Gwendoline Christie reveals her bone spurs in gray suede pumps. Height, Weight & Body Measurement of Gwendoline Christie. You might be interested to know more about Gwendoline Christie. Gwendoline has a height of 6 feet 3 inches and weighs 84 kg. Gwendoline Christie—Height: 6 feet 3 inches Gwendoline Christie is best known for her role as warrior Brienne of Tarth in HBO’s wildly popular series “Game of Thrones. Height in Meters: 1. Gwendoline Christie. A bit of all white: Gwendoline Christie, 43, showcased. In a 2015 interview with Vogue, Gwendoline said, "I'm now 6-foot-3 and a quarter. 5' 11. She aint 5-10 Maribel. in centimeters- 157 cm in meters- 1. During her childhood, she was often bullied because of her height. 91 m high. Gwendoline Christie was born in Worthing, United Kingdom. Another Twitter user wrote, “T he height difference between Jenna Ortega and every other actor in #Wednesday is hilarious. Before Gwendoline Christie and Gal Gadot, there was Lucy Lawless. Who is Gwendoline Christie partner? Giles Deacon is her boyfriend/partner since 2013. Gwendoline had to undergo intense exercise to gain 14lb of muscle. Gwendoline Christie is 6’3”. Gwendoline is 6’3″ tall. Miranda Hart height is 6ft 1 or 185. Gwendoline Christie stands at the height of 6 feet and 3 inches. Gwendoline Christie won the role of Brienne of Tarth after just one audition as the directors thought she was perfectly suited for the role. Gwendoline Christie’s height is 6 feet 3 inches tall and her body weight is 84 kilograms. ” But the 6-foot-3-inch actor has been on the scene long before she picked up that sword. Unlike becoming a Rockette, making it big in Hollywood doesn’t have any height requirement. Gwendoline Christie Pens Emotional Farewell to Game of Thrones' Brienne of Tarth The actress opened up about how playing the warrior has changed her life. Gwendoline. By Janelle Okwodu. His mother was a housewife, and his father worked in sales and marketing. 5 176cm range night over night legit like 5'9. Netflix gwendoline christie wednesday Wednesday Addams. She has two half-brothers. Gwendoline Christie Height, Bio, Career, Net Worth, More Details And Who Is She ? August 28, 2022 August 23, 2022 by Maria Daniel. In January 2021, Gwendoline was cast as Lucifer in the Netflix adaptation of The Sandman. 91 Meter. Gwendoline Christie - 6'3'' (190 cm) At 6'3'', the fierce Gwendoline Christie is one of the tallest cast members of. How tall is Gwendoline Christie? Height in feet is 6’ 3”, in cm is 191cm. Light bounces off flat surfaces and reflects at weird angles, creating annoying glare. For example, let’s convert a height of 5′ 8″ to centimeters following the steps above. Gwendoline Christie is the second-tallest female celebrity on our list. At 5-foot-8, Kit Harington is an inch shorter than Turner and 7 inches shorter than the 6-foot-3 Gwendoline Christie. 6'4. Uncover the true height of the iconic actress Gwendoline Christie, celebrated for her roles in Game of Thrones and Star Wars. Gwendoline Christie is a Popular Actress, Gwendoline is known for portraying the role of ‘Brienne of Tarth’ in the Web Series ‘Game of Thrones’. Here is the list of some famous women who are 6 feet 3 tall: Gwendoline Christie, L'Wren Scott, Gabrielle Reece and 1 more. Casting directors turned her away saying that she was too tall. ” But the 6-foot-3-inch actor has been on the scene long before she picked up that sword. Aside from that, she is 6 feet 3 inches (1. Although her screen time was short, much like Boba Fett, Gwendoline Christie likewise made an instant impression on fans. "It's the ultimate marriage of discipline and freedom," she says. Gwendoline Christie is an actress, model by profession and British by nationality. Gwendoline Christie is a towering figure, standing at an impressive height of 6’3″ (191 cm). Who is Gwendoline Christie partner? Giles Deacon is her boyfriend/partner since 2013. See moreHeight in Feet: 6’ 3” Height in Centimeters: 191 cm; Weight in Kilogram: 84 kg; Weight in Pounds: 185 pounds; Bra Size: 36A; Cup. Home. 91 m). Getty Lena Headey (Cersei Lannister): 5'5" Related. Standing at 5 feet, 1 inch tall, Ortega’s height becomes particularly noticeable when she is seen next to her much taller co-stars. 91 m). Chris Rock. Before Gwendoline Christie and Gal Gadot, there was Lucy Lawless. Gwendoline Christie is 1. Moosa is an actor who is 13 years old. Gwendoline Christie and Nikolaj Coster-Waldau in 2019. I was like, 'Damn it! It's going to be weird because I'm super tall. ” And her height. DHM. Brittney Griner’s 6 feet, 9 inches height makes her the tallest on this list by far and likely helped her. Gwendoline took training in gymnastics. Gwendoline Christie is an English actress and model who measures 6’3. Gwendoline Christie’s height in feet. The beloved actor from New Zealand holds a special place in television history for her role as the iconic protagonist in “Xena: Warrior Princess. Her blue eyes and blonde hair color complement her hourglass body figure. 5 cm) Dua Lipa’s height: 5 feet, 8 inches (173 cm) Jennifer Lawrence’s height: 5 feet, 9 inches (175 cm) 🧩. Gwendoline Christie towers over her co-stars. Height – 6 ft 3 in or 1. Weight in Pounds: 300 lbs. 5'7 and a fraction said on 15/Sep/23. Another Twitter user wrote, “T he height difference between Jenna Ortega and every other actor in #Wednesday is hilarious. She was born in Worthing, United Kingdom. Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise actually didn’t have that big of a height difference, despite what some photos show. It's not uncommon though for celebrities to add inches to their resume in order to make it seem they're taller. Gwendoline Christie is 6 ft 3 inches tall. ” And her height. In her earlier days, the actress felt different from the others due of her distinguishing height, and she was even tormented because of it. Gwendoline Tracey Philippa Christie, who stands 6' 3", was born in Worthing, West Sussex, England, on October 28, 1978. Multiply the height in inches by 2. Gwendoline Christie is a British actress who has a net worth of $4 million dollars. Her body measurement is 37-29-38 inches. 28, 1978, in Worthing, West Sussex. Gwendoline Christie is an English-born actress who is best known for her role as Brienne of Tarth in HBO’s Game of Thrones. Who the hell still feels the need to.